I’m sorry - this a machine’s translate .
«I
wanted to create the essences not similar to me to love and train them that
also they too could comprehend beauty Ea»
J.R.R.Tolkien, Silmarillion (ch. II.)
Khuzdul - mysterious
language of dwarves Middlearth
Or
some remarks to a question on language of dwarves
(* - reconstructed words or the lexemes
allocated from ñëîæíîñîñòàâíûõ of
words) are designated
From the second chapter of "Silmarillion" we learn, that as soon as the Aulë has created Seven Fathers of Dwarves, « at that
o'clock when work the Aulë was, to its pleasure
is completed, and the Aulë started to train
dwarves of speech which it(he) has thought up for them
».
So any narration or research about khuzdul (that, by the way, has been challenged by
translator N. Estel who has omitted this
extraordinary significant moment in the translation of "Silmarillion", for what to her big respect and
more than such SUCCESSFUL translations begins!), well speech not about that. As
the name of clause(article) says, speech further will go about khuzdul - mysterious language of dwarves (the author
specially used a word "mysterious", instead of "secret" as
it is accepted in the majority of publications). Mysterious - it(he) because, about it speak more, than investigate. In
most cases it is translations of clause(article) Lisa It is old in Tyalie Tyelellieva, * 4, page
22., with some variations on a theme of native speech: each subsequent tries to
draw structure khuzdul to elite him(it) to language;
that basically it is not condemned, for by whom it is not forbidden, but
finally conducts to impasse.
We have selected other way - gnosis, and
we consider an object of research from all possible parties, and is equal as
with external, and a seamy side. I believe that, trying to glance on "cuisine"
of the Professor, we shall not offend drawn games (hardly has not told
religious) feelings. As the fanaticism and dogmatism never
conducted to the safe decision of problems. Temporarily not concerning
an external history of occurrence of Languages, I suggest to look at some
curious examples of that, as well as than the Professor was guided, realizing
the courageous plans. First of all it is logic of internal development of the
world thought up by him(it) and languages, and in the second - logic external:
and more subjective, rather than objective since we need to assume only, this
or that word whence was born. Probably, even the Professor did not give itself
in it the report, and all occurred, that refers to
instinctively.
* * *
As already it was earlier noticed by many
my predecessors, the order of word-formation is obviously connected, with a
Hebrew and-or language of Kurds. Word-formation, apparently, is taken from a
Hebrew with a root basis 1å2å3. Here a bright example of such word-formation
(though a word of probably Greek origin from pelekys - an axe):
Khuzdul
Value
Hebrew
Value
Felek
Adze
Melek
Prince
*Falk
To
cut
Malk
To
reign
Felak
(It(He)) cuts down cutting
Melak
(It(He)) reigns\rules
*Afalk
Adzeâèíà
Amalk
Princedom
*Fölek
(î) òåñëå
Mölek
(î) Prince
*Flôkti
(Will cut
Mlôkti
(Will reign
*Felûku
(Is not present) Òåñëà sing.n.
Melûku
(There is no) Prince
*Falkut
Part of Adze
Malkut
Princely
*Flaklak
small adze
Mlaklak
Younger prince
*Flakun
Adzes
Mlakun
Princes
From Kurdish (or language close to him) it is taken, obviously, word-formation where the word
with a basis 1à2â3 - is a nominal noun pl.n. A sort. A case, and 1u23 - the form of a
singular, names. A case, thus Khazâd it
is obvious in a singular of names. A case will be *Khuzd. It proves to be true
other example: Rakhâs (orks)
and Rukhs (ork). It is
possible to offer also, that plural of the Nominative case will look 1u2u3 and
according to this - *Khuzud and *Rukhus.
Adjectives will look accordingly so: 1u23 + ul -
Khuzdul and Rukhsul.
Some other pattern to us meets in word Gwedhrin 1e23 + r + in - prospective name Quenya, language Quendi.
Curious for us the ending of a word, namely-in certainly
is, And previous-r-is suffixal formation as Gwedhrin obviously is not sound reflection Quendi in Khuzdul as the basis of a word meets in a name of
queen elfes Gwedhiling from «the Gold Book of Forgotten Legends». Thus In this case it would be more logical to assume, that the
name elfes Beleriand was
received by name by queens elves when dwarves shaped for her various ornaments
from gold. I.e. it will be possible to assume that-in
to correspond to Russian-in i.e. somebody / something belonging to those /
somebody. In our history too there is such example: Kingdom, konung/king - all this derivatives on behalf of Great
Charles. Too concerns also the known termination(ending)-ul, having apparently too value as Russian-ii/-àÿ, i.e. Specifies an accessory(a belonging) of whom to
something: for example khuzd-ul - (language) of
dwarves, and nazg-ul - (slave) to a ring. We find a
curious parallel in English where exists final-ful.
Probably, from here has arisen khuzd.-bul.
To us
two words with enough not clear ethymology, the first
- Sharbhund (the Bald Hill), the second - Urukhtharbûn (the Big Ork
are known?-ûé, it probably second case of
assimilation in khuzdul, after fela (k) gundin, however communication with
a word adûnaic rûkh - "shout" (SD:426))
is probable also). If to assume that in the first case we have sharb
+ hund that sharb - bald,
and hund - a hill. The variant bhund
- is erroneous since in êèðòå
dwarves is absent fleeces-bh-, a patterns 12u34 and
12u3 for khuzdul not typical. Etymological conformity
of a word sharb can be English shear - to cut.
The second word can be spread out as
follows: U-rukh (s)-tharbu-un,
where us interests echoing a part of a word, and where-un - the ending known to
us from words Tharkûn (the Person of the Staff)
and Nargûn (the Place of Darkness), and having
obviously in Russian corresponding final --un or-oiń.
If her(it) to reject, we shall receive Tharb - by analogy to the first obviously having conformity
in English Thorough-in value «main, exclusive»(?). Thus
Urukhtharbûn is Big - Ork-Main.
In the same list it is possible to put
other word - Mazarbul in expression «Chamber of
Annals». However it hides in itself of more questions, rather than answers. It
is obvious, that it ñëîæíîñîñòàâíîå the adjective
and thus corresponds(meets) in Russian -
"Annalistic", and in latin "Annales". As it was already specified, for khuzdul words with a root basis from two or three
concordant and one - two vowels are characteristic; in that case Mazarbul it is represented by exception, or, that it is
more probable, it is a combination from a prefix, a root of a suffix and the
termination(ending): Ma-zar-b-ul. presence
in structure of a word-arb-directs at such ideas.
However the arab. Mazar - the cemetery matters, and in general concerns to a
place esteemed as sacred (usually gravestone construction). Thus, before us
again the word-play, in fact there was Balin's tomb.
Certainly, it is possible to present with a fair share of imagination that
Ma-this hypothetical "Year" + it(him). Thesaurus (from ãðån. About any field of knowledge)
from which, experimental way it is possible to take the full systematized data
set pseudoenglish. A
basis: The-Zaur-us. Then way not complex
manipulations to connect it in Ma-zaur-b-ul, and then
to receive Mazarbul. Other variant of ethymology - zarb = an armour. scribe "to
write", Windows. šribot.
However the structure - i.e. internal
logic of word Mazarbul gives us other ethymology. And in this respect it
is necessary to address to a latin word "Annales", where "Annî"
- "year". As it is not difficult to notice Ma-it is a prefix and it(he) cannot have the given value, hence - zar - should matter "year". I think for anybody
will not be a secret, that Anglo-Saxon fleeces Y, similar to the modern letter
"Y", it was read as English "th".
This letter can be met sometimes in
No doubt, there is an obvious communication
of language of dwarves with the Black Adverb and language Valar. This
communication is precisely traced in a pronunciation,
but even more in forms of words and word-formation. Not the small role in it is
played with direct loan from Valarin, both
in a case with the Aulë, and
in case Sauron (though language
the shaft has arisen much after all others). Both, not being philologists (one
smith, other genic engineer) act as founders of
languages. And as it is not difficult to guess both
these adverbs - no more than spoiled by time or even intentionally - speech Valar. And
though, at first sight it seems unpersuasive, it is necessary to pay attention
to obvious conformity in these languages: shark (the old person) and tharkûn (the person with a staff). If to recollect a
known riddle about the one who all over again goes on
a four, then for two, and then for three the given comparison not seems such
absurd. For all three languages were formed by the Professor - with some share
of humor - just as there was a history about Major Road or - accordingly - in
history Alboin from «Lost
Road». Besides here obviously appreciablly
characteristic and for elfish
languages mitigation primary -th- up to -s- or in
this case -sh- (that in khuzdulå these
combinations have other pronunciation, rather than in Quenya
is not so important ´ since and in German the same combinations, that in
English are read differently).
Other similar example of SUCH loan will
be a word: burzum (dark) and barazin
(crimson) both, apparently, are connected to the blood having as is known
darkly-red, and in a case with orks black color.
Concerning to word Urukhai (the big orks) in a black adverb and, ràkhàs
(orks) in language of dwarves, it is possible to put
forward two hypotheses: the first - direct loan, and the second - an example of
obvious relationship of languages. In the first case there is a question: as
far as frequently by any people are perceived ýòíîíèìû next
peoples and as far as frequently they are deformed by rules of the language -
recipient. It is possible to answer both questions: in most cases. If to follow
the second hypothesis it is necessary to note, that at various branches of one
group of languages there can be similar divergences that it is not difficult to
track in the modern languages, shall tell English and German: Dark and Dunkel - both matter Dark. This is typical of slavic languages. Compare: Russian
"molvă" and Ukrainian "movă".
And here substitution of concepts is already
characteristic for èíäîåâðîïåéñêîé a generality
English move to move, rus. Said (in
popular speech: « has set speech »). The given example specifies to us that
that, apparently, a black adverb and language of dwarves, distant enough
relatives. valarin with
language of dwarves it is possible to count an attribute of direct communication
certainly *kheled and *kelûth
- a mirror, and also-nûl-, nala
- the river, a vein and ulu, ullu
- water in Valarin.
Special communication of language of
dwarves with northern adverbs of people (and in world Arda,
and on the Earth) allows to draw a conclusion, that Shatûr (clouds) looks obvious loan from German where Schatten matters - a shadow. Thus "cloud" is that
creates a shadow or eclipses. These some kind of "loans" occured not only from the listed languages so not less
logical prospective communication the dwarfe looks. Uzbâd with English Husband - where the first matters
Sovereign Prince, and the second is meant by the Spouse, and in parallel can
have in the German languages value Hus + bund (staad) i.e. the Statesman (including here can be it is
available contamination, in
fact hus - in Danish matters «the court yard, a
sort»). However if to address to the comment on Christopher Tolkina's
given word Uzbâd is not simply the governor,
and the one who operates people. That allows us following string to a
solution of secret of the second part of a word: The most widespread in this
value is the word-combination Father of People. Hence, it is possible to speak
that Uz-it on - dwarfish the Husband (compare also rus. Muzh),
and bâd (aka baad) is People. That it is possible to treat through kurdish where E'badile,
E'bd - matters "national",
"people".
Tolkien
specialized on the German languages, but studied also others - in particular,
Semitic and slavic. In draft
copies of "Hobbit" Beorn
called Medwed. Quendish an
equivalent of a word beleg "great" long
time was velik¸ (as the Great Sea on a card(map) from
the Lost Legends - Haloisi Velik¸).
In khuzdul loans from slavic
languages such words, as look: kheled & zaram - (z¸r)kàlî &
(o)z¸ro, "make to elfish" the name of the
letter certas - kirth (read:
features), the name of orks - rakhas
- (fear)-ðàõ. Besides it is possible to assume, that
in the known name of capital Angmara - Carn-dûm - disappears dwarfish an origin as Karndum it
was necessary to say on dwarfish -
"Tarndum", or on ereborish
"Tsarndum". For the
antiquity of this capital, apparently, ascends by times Belereand,
and ereborish dwarves nice(famous) for the returning to ancient manners (in peak
to dwarves of Moria) have added in the, kirth to a
fleece-ts-in known cases transmitted by a letter
-ß-. That apparently it was betraid in runa 1 of morian kirth,
and in rune <| of erebor, such
correlation of sounds is characteristic for example for sorbish
languages. In this case we how not difficultly to
guess, we collide (face) besides other Mr. Tolkien
with linguistic "advances" with languages Indoeuropean
a generality: so has developed in a history of
toponymic that the name with a root "chörhn-"
was preceded with the name "chërhvon-"
(that besides confirms communication burzum and barazin).
* * *
Khuzdul - a word with very complex
etymology as in the German languages does not meet çàäíåí¸áíûé an
explosive spirant -kh-. However the treatment of a word khuzd through husz - from Hungarian "twenty" + final -d is
probable. Or through Turkic and Iranian languages
where *kazah *khazar and
accordingly *hazer means (if to me does not change memory)
"thousand". Just as etnonymic many
modern peoples go back to the same word. It during too time well corresponds
with hazad adûnaic -
meaning "seven" (SD:247, in SD:427, 428 - hazid) as dwarves have been divided(shared) into seven
houses.
However it is possible as well as in
other languages the name of people goes back to a word « the husband, the
person ». "Sąbr/Serb" the last century
in
Just as ethnic name many
modern peoples go back to the same word. "Serb" in trite century in
* * *
Just as languages elves were graphically stylized under Latin, the adverb of dwarves
too had the sample for imitation - certainly, it could be one of languages of
Semitic group. And registration concerned more likely structure, rather than
the external form. We knows, that runish the
letter cirth was
unidirectional and was written with is left on the right, as in overwhelming
number of the European written traditions (exceptions are Etrusky,
written on the right on left, and inhabitants of island Crete having the
bidirectional letter). Reflecting above that that, could serve as a cliché
for language, it is necessary to pay attention to "alphabet" of
dwarves. In him there is a superfluous number of
signs, (even at comparison with tengvar). At
first it does not confuse, and such system of the letter even seems easy and
more logically, rather than tengvar.
However, hardly business concerns concrete inscriptions, at once there is a
question: why in this case it is necessary to write so, instead of differently?
In our opinion all the matter is that cirth as
against tengvar reflects not so
much features of a concrete adverb, how many presence in uniform language at
once several dialects or adverbs. Such state of affairs is typical of ethnos shared either the big distances, or sporadic and compact
residing of his separate groups. Examples of this phenomenon it is possible to
track at ëóæèöêèõ
Serbs, Assyrians and Jews (and the last - most a vivid example of such
division). Representatives of such ethnos without special efforts can understand
each other; as distinctions between separate adverbs are not so significant,
and language of them divides(shares) not so much, how
many unites. We find the same state of affairs at dwarves Middlearth. Dwarves
did not occupy any separate territory, and settled sporadic in
hills and mountains of all Middlearth and behind his limits.
Thus, the inscription on Khuzdul
practically always remained constant whereas the pronunciation varied depending
on a place. For this reason, the same runics can
have some sound values whereas for the majority of late alphabets based on the Cyrillic
letter the opposite is typically. Partly both tendencies are characteristic and
for Latin alphabet. In addition,
the first is typical of the countries where earlier used runics were, and the
second - for various East and the West-European countries where make Latin
writing has arisen much later, works of Catholic missionaries.
Earlier I have mentioned Assyrian
language as one of probable examples, not casually. In it(him)
we have in many respects a similar picture. As at reflection Assyrian latin alphabet, we receive
typically "khuzdulish"
words. In it(him), besides a standard set of sounds
there are as concordant with aspiration, long vowels, and one nonsyllabic. And they are combined in the similar image.
That, certainly, at all does not mean that Khuzdul is Assyrian less
than that Quenya is not medieval
Latin of epoch Charling’s age. But
characteristic features are present. It is impossible to tell, about
confidence, than Tolkien was guided, selecting
languages - recipients, for Quenya and khuzdul, but it is possible to assume, that both languages,
being are submitted by two greatest empires of an antiquity - Roman empire and
Power of Assyrian - ideally approached(suited) to reflect two in many respects
excellent(different) cultural an archetype.
That hypotheses did
not look proofless, I bring the small table assirian:
English
Assyrian (Western)
assyrian
(East)
The world
Shlomo
Shlama
The world to you
shlomo '
laykun
Shlama ' lokhun
What is your name?
mun ihtau
shmokh?
Mo eeleh Shimukh?
My name is Ashur
shem ashur
ithau
Shimmee Ashur eeleh
How you?
aykan ithayk?
Dakheewit?
Perfectly, Thanks
tob no, taudi
Spaay, Baseema
From what you the
countries?
men ayno othro
othe at
Min Ainee Atra tiyet?
I syrian
Maronit
Has arrived from
eno suryoyo
marunoyo ithay
w-otheno men athro d-lebnon
Ana Suraya, Maronaya,
Ithyen min atra D'Libnan
In what year you have arrived to the
country?
b-aydo shato
ethayt l-hono athro?
b-Ainee Sheta
ithyet L'aha Atra?
I have arrived to the country in 1981.
eno ethit
l-hono athro ba-shnat olef tsha'mo
tmonin wa-hdo.
Ana thelee L'awa atra B'sheta
Alpa w'tish-imma
w'tmani w'khda.
It is glad you to see
hode no d-ehzekh
khdeh lee b'Khzaytukh.
Remain with the World
Fush B'shlomo
Push B'shlama (or B'Shayno)
Go with the World
zel ba-shlomo
Khush (or Zil) B'shlama
Where you go?
Layko ozel at?
Layka B'eZal
et? (or Layka B'rikhshet?)
I go to shop
Aino Ozilno L'shoqo
Ana Azin L'Shuqa (or Ana B'rikhshen L'shuQa)
Unfortunately, my knowledge in Assyrian are limited to this table, that limits opportunities for
comparison a little. However, continuation is not still lost, and, as is known,
follows …
* * *
Further we shall consider the form of a
word submitted by a lexeme bizâr. In this case
we have no minimal aspectual pair to trace probable morphology of a word.
However in language of Persians we find the same word in value "give"
(an imperative from a verb guzâshtan - to
place, allow). The word is submitted by two forms bizâr
and biguzâr. It should seemed
to result us in impasse. However, on the contrary, on this basis it is possible
to assume that words of the given lines will be ñêëîíÿòñÿ by
means of substitution of a corresponding verb. In the list there is a form
1û2 so it is good to us known on combination Khazâd-dûm,
and also widely submitted on ôàðñè by means of which the following list of
morphemes is recreated:
Khuzdul
English
Khuzdul
English
*dûmam
The house
*bizâram
Valley
*dûmu
At home sing.n.
*bizâru
Valleys sing.n.
dûm
The house, hall
Bizâr
Valley
*dûmum
To
houses
*bizârum
To
valleys
*dûmud
At
home pl.n.
*bizârud
Valleys
*dûmand
The house
*bizârand
To
valley
1û2+fin
pr+1â2+fin
Besides presence of a doublet bizâr/biguzâr and guzâshtan
allows us to assume, that the first part of a word bi-can have own value and in
khuzdulå, and in this case Gu-zâsh-t-an represents structural analogue of word
Ma-zar-b-ul known to us ("Annalistic").
* * *
As to initially khuzdulüñêèõ adjectives we have: barazin "crimson", narag
"darkness" (noun. In a role of an adjective), and also gamil "old", gabil
"great", sigin "is long" and kibil, zigil "silver",
- the adjectives formed from nouns: in the latter case it authentically an
established fact.
It is possible to assume, that words sigin, barazin are in the same
list) as khizdin, and it is possible gwedhrin: they compound.-in is the ending of an adjective,
and sig-it is a root. The similar decision is given
us with words: gamil, gabil,
kibil and zigil.-il is, apparently, a root basis + the ending of adjectives. The
same conclusion arises if to compare gabil with kurdish E'badile
"national" and E'bd "people".
Azaghâl - one
of words whose ethymology is really foggy; research
of this word can give up as a bad job all insinuations concerning
representation of forms of a feminine gender by leaning to root basis A-.
From combination Azanûlbizâr
= A-zan-ûl-bi-zâr to us if to result
literally, it is known «Foggy Dale», thus Azan matters - "fog", and
against that that this word can be a feminine gender speaks that fact that in a
Hebrew form A1a23 - matters a derivative noun. In Russian having structure: a
basis + [s't'v'] + the termination(ending).
If to address to
early to sources we can find elfish ethymologies for names which now speak loans from Valarin. As
the name the Aulë, the
god of crafts, in Ethymologies was made from basis
GAWA - to invent, invent, create. From an external history we know also, that L
in Polish is said as English W. And as valarin name
A3ûlêz (Aulë) was written through 3
(ñïèðàíòíûé an
equivalent g which was written as -gh- in language of
Orks, compare ork.
"Fire" - ghâsh) probably from here it
is possible to allocate experimentally root Àghâl,
(which in khuzdul "creativity" will
matter).
Otherwise business with known word Azaghâl which cannot be a derivative in any way from
allocated by us Àghâl as besides a prefix in a
word must there would be
to be present a prefix is. If to assume, that Azaghâl
it has been connected with Numenorish a
word azgarâ - to wage war (SD:439) we will
receive value "commander of warriors"
or "warlord", instead of "soldier" as was supposed earlier
in clause(article) Lisa Star Is
old.
Mysterious ways Valarin also
has influenced and other languages. It is interesting to note, that Valarin a
word iniðil (the lily, or other large single
flower) appears in Adunaic (Numenorish) as inzil a flower (in Inziladûn
- the Flower of the West, UT:227). How the Word in Adunaic could
from Valarin get? Probably
through Khuzdul if the Aulë used this word in
the language created by him for Dwarves. There are no almost any doubts, that on speech of ancestors Edain
strong influence rendered language of Dwarves. If it so in khuzdulå
this word could play a role or an adjective, on what specifies probably final-il, or a noun with the form sing.n.
nom.case. i-12i3 (compare i-glish-mêk).
It is experimentally possible to allocate
the following components of words (translation into Russian literal):
A-= a-= a-a prefix.
Ai-= ai-= ai--a prefix "on"
Ai-mênu =
ai-mênu = ai-1ê2-u - « on you »
(LotR2/III-7, enc. F)
*Aghâl = aghâl = a-1â2 - "creator" (LR:358).
Aglâb = aglâb - a-12â3 « language (adverb) » (WJ:395).
Azaghâl = azaghâl - a-1a2â3 - "Warlord".
Also it is curious to compare to a name or a nickname of the ork => Azog. That it could
mean, I and did not manage to find.
*Azan = azan - a-1a2 "fog"
Azanûl = azanûl - a-1a2-ûl - "foggy" (RS:466).
Azanulbizar = azanûl-bizâr = a-1a2-ûl-bi-1â2 - «
Foggy Dale » (LotR1/II-4).
See also (RS:466).
Aya = aya = a pretext "on" (WR:20).
*Bad = bad = 1a2 - "people" - a
component of two words Gund-a-bad and Uz-bad
*Badil = badil = 1a2+il - an adjective
"national"
*Bar = bar = 1a2 - "horn";
words with structure i12a3 for khuzdul it is not
characteristic.
Baraz = baraz = 1a2a3 « ÷åðâåíü,
blood » abbreviated name Barazinbar (TI:174).
Barazin = barazin - 1a2a3-in - "crimson", compare khizdin, gwedrin, sigin.
Barazinbâr = barazin-bâr - 1a2a3-in-1â2 - « the Crimson Horn
», not "red", namely "crimson" since baraz
matters - "blood" (compare Nuluk-Khizdin).
Baruk = baruk - 1a2+
Bizâr = bizâr - pr-1â2 -
"dale" (RS:466).
Bund = bund = 1u23 - « the chapter(head), top » (TI:174) from Bund-u-shathur.
Bundushathur = Bundushathur = 1u2-u-1a2-ur - « Top in clouds » (TI:174)
Buzûn = buzûn = 1u2-ûn - "black- man
or thing".
Buzun-dûsh = buzun-dûsh = 1u2-un-1u2 - letters. « black a root
» (TI:167)
Dûm = dûm = 1û2 - the house, a hall - the collective
form sing.n. From Khazad-dum.
Dûsh = dûsh = 1û2 - "root"
Felek = felek = 1e2e3 - "Adze"
(PM:352).
Felak = felak = 1e2a3 - "to cut" (PM:352).
Felakgundu = felak-gundu = 1e2a3-1u23-u - letters. « To cut a cave »
(the name given by Dwarves Ôèíðîäó for his(its) art of work with a stone, it has been changed in Ñèíäàðèíå in Felagund). (PM:352)
Fundinul = fundinul = 1u23-in-ul - "Fundinson"
though component Fundin is a human name,
theoretically it(he) can be spread out on two parts
fund-in = 1u23-in. Also it is possible to assume that, from the point of view khazâd, this
name was not perceived alien, accepted from the outside.
Gabil = gabil = 1a2-il "great"
Gabilân = gabilan = 1a2-il-an - "giant". The name of the
river Sirion (WJ:336). Formation(education) of a noun by an example => adjective. + fin.1+fin.2. In Russian it would look as is great +-ii
+-an.
Gabilgathol = gabil-gathol = 1a2-il-1a2-ol - « the Great Fortress », sindarin Belegost
(Silm10, LR:274)
Gamil Zirak = gamil zirak
= 1a2-il zi-1a2 - «
Gathol = gathol = 1a2-ol - "fortress" (in this case it is
not difficult to form adj. gathil - "strong", in that case if etymologically
"fortress" to go back to a root "êðåï").
Gund = gund = 1u23 or 1u2 - "cave".
Gundabad = gundabad = 1u23-a-1a2 «Caves people».
Gunud = gunud = 1u2u3 - "caves" noun. pl.n. nom.case.
(PM:352, compare 365); compare with khuzud - changed Òîëêèíûì on
"khazad" in a phrase « Baruk
khazad. Khazad ai-menu » (LR:274,278), ò.å « Axes of dwarves. Dwarves on you ».
*Guzashtan = guzâshtan = gu-1â2-t-an - « the Inhabitant of a
valley » from bizâr (compare with other pair - iglish-mêk from aglâb
- change of consonants radically words is available). Moreover, aglâb is obviously noun. sing.n. fem.s., and bizâr - noun. sing.n. man.s.) Thus we have two
interconnected structures pr+1â2 and pr-12â3. it
is so probable, that they will have in many respects similar examples of
declination and formation(education) of adjectives and verbs.
Iglishmêk = iglish-mêk - i-12i3-1ê2 - «language gesture»
Kheled = kheled = 1e2e3 - "mirror" - the structure is
similar felek, that once again emphasizes that as
well as in the first, in this case we have noun. sing.n. nom.case.
Kheledzâram = kheled-zâram = 1e2e3-1â2a3 - "mirror -
lake" is probable, in this case, lengthening of a vowel plays a role of an
accent (compare Narag-zarâm). It is possible to
draw the following conclusion - in ñëîæíîñîñòàâíîì a word there is
a lengthening of the second from the end public radically if to it(him) precede
in the first part of a word-e-or-i-if precede-á-or-u-the first is extended from the end public
radically (exception makes sigin-tarâg).
*Khuzd = khuzd = 1u23 - « the dwarfe, áóçäóõ »
nominal noun. sing.n. nom.case.
Khuzûd = khuzûd =
1u2û3 - « dwarves, áóçäóõè »
nominal noun. pl.n. nom.case.
(LR:274,278).
Khazâd = khazâd =
1a2û3 - « dwarves, áóçäóõîâ »
nominal noun. pl.n. ð.ï. (enc. F).
Khazad-dûm = khazad-dûm = 1a2a3-1û2 - «the Dwarfe - hall, the Áóçäóõîâ-hall»,
Moria (LotR1/II-3).
Kibil-Nala = kibil-nala = 1i2il-1a2a - «Silver Veins».
Mahal = mahal - 1a2a3 - "Power" - so was called the Aulëe by dwarves.
Mazarbul = mazarbul = 1a2a3-b-ul - letters. "Annalistic"
(LotR1/II-5, Letters:186).
Mênu = mênu = 1ê2-u - "you" (WR:20).
Mîm = mîm = 1î2 - a name of the dwarf (Silm21).
Narag = narag = 1a2a3-"darkness" (RS:466).
*Naragin = naragin = 1a2a3-in - "dark", compare barazin, khizdin, gwedrin, sigin.
Naragzarâm = narag-zarâm = 1a2a3-1a2â3 - "Darkness -
lake" (RS:466).
Nargûn = nargûn = 1a23-ûn - « a place of darkness » Mordor (RS:466).
Nuluk = nuluk - 1u2-uk - "Dwelling" - a root basis nul with value "vein". (compare
Baruk - a root basis bar cî
value "horn").
Nulukkhizdîn = nuluk-khizdîn = 1u2-uk-1i23-în - "Dwelling
- Dwarfish" i.e. not any certain dwarves, and dwarves in general. Compare nulukkhizdîn, kibilnâla
- radicals N-L
Shathûr = shathur = 1a2-ur - "clouds" noun. pl.n. ð.ï.
(LotR1/II-3, TI:174), it is possible
"clouds".
Sigin = sigin = 1i2-in - «long», compare barazin,
khizdin, gwedrin.
Sigintarâg = sigin-tarâg = 1i2-in-1a2â3 - letters. "longbeards"
(PM:321).
Tarâg = tarâg = 1a2â3 - "beards" in Sigin-tarâg (PM:321).
Tharbûn = tharbun = 1a2-b-un - « the leader, the leader »
Tharkûn = tharkun = 1a2-k-un - « the person of a staff », dwarfish name Gendalf
(LotR2/IV-5, UT:353).
Tumunzahâr = tumun-zahâr = 1u2-un-1a2â3 - letters. « The hollow of
Breakages » in given word Tum - a morpheme "tum" (from eng. Tumble and also Q. Tumb
"hollow") + final-un with value "-ina".
U-A prefix of a
superlative degree.
Urukhtharbûn = urukh (s)-tharbun = u-1u2
(3)-1a2-b-un - "Big - Ork-Lesder" - a rare
case of a three-compound word: probably and in khuzdulå formation(education) of such "words - trains" was
rare.
Uzbad = uzbad = uz-1a2 - letters. « The husband people » (compare «
Father of people » the reference(manipulation) to ïðèíöåïñó
Zahâr = zahâr = 1a2â3 - letters. "Breakages"
(Silm10), sing.n. nom.case. Will look *zuhr.
Zaram = zâram = 1â2a3 - "lake" noun. sing.n. nom.case. It is curious to notice, that all words
having the form noun. sing.n. 1à2à3 designate
something amorphous: "darkness", "blood",
"power", « lake, water », i.e. that has no the constant form. Though
it is possible simply concurrence.
Zigil = zigil = 1i2-il - "silver" (TI:175).
According to Tolkien's the latest explanation, zigil - "silver", that will be coordinated to one
of variants of name Kelebrant - Zigilnâd (PM:279,286).
Zigilnâd = zigilnâd = 1i2-il-nâd - "silver river"
(PM:279,286), name Kelebrant.
Zirak = zirak = pr-1a2 « peak, height », probable etymology from
English: the rack "rack" and-or the rock "rock".
Zirak-zigil = zirak-zigil = pr-1a2-1i2-il - « Peak Silver », one of
mountains above Moria, sindarian Celebdil.
-a--as a sheaf analogue of English ' s, in Russian - possessive case of a noun.
-i--
-u--it is probable, can act as a pretext
- sheaf, analogue of Russian-ó-, English of; obviously, is the termination(ending) of a genitive case in a noun with
structure-1û2+fin and pr+1â2+fin
-b--a suffix similar to Russian -n-/-sk-
-k--a suffix similar to Russian -rh-/-sk-, English -er
-r--a suffix similar to Russian -rh-/-ñê-, English -er
*t--a suffix similar to Russian -it-,
Latin -it-
-an--final, in
Russian corresponds(meets) -an,-in,-ii, English -an
-il--final,
in Russian corresponds(meets) -iy/-aya, English –ish ,-er
-in--final, in Russian
corresponds(meets) -‘i, -in, -no,-en, German -en,
English -er
-ol--final,
in Russian corresponds(meets) -nya, -tsa, English –less ,-dess, -ress, ness
-ul--final,
in Russian corresponds(meets) -iy/-aya, English -ish,-ful.
-
-un--final, in
Russian corresponds(meets) -un-, -ets, English -an
-